| SES # | TOPICS | READINGS | 
|---|---|---|
| 1 | The critical role of technology-based, disruptive innovations to a business The IBM near-death experience of the early 1990s  | 
 
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| 2 | Strategy formulation - key external factors Initial discussion of class project  | 
 Henderson, Rebecca, and Kim Clark. "Architectural Innovation: The Reconfiguration of Existing Product Technologies and the Failure of Established Firms." Administrative Science Quarterly, The Johnson School at Cornell University, March 1990.  | 
| 3 | Strategy formulation - the internet and the Web as major disruptive forces Coming up with the IBM internet strategy The future of the internet  | Hamel, Gary. "Waking Up IBM." Harvard Business Review 78 (2000): 137. | 
| 4 | Strategy formulation - key internal factors | Christiansen, Clay. Meeting the Challenge of Disruptive Change. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Pub, 2000. 
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| 5 | Operationalizing the Strategy - key internal factors Market and application segmentation, internal measurements, management reviews  |   Christiansen, Clay, and Michael Raynor. Innovator's Solution. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press, 2003, chapters 5 and 6. ISBN: 9781578518524. | 
| 6 | Operationalizing the Strategy - key external factors Major role of market experimentation and end-user innovation  | 
 Thomke, Stefan. "Enlightened Experimentation." Harvard Business Review 79 (2001): 66.  | 
| 9 | The major role of marketing and communications in strategy formulation and execution The IBM e-business marketing and communications strategy  | Loomis, C. J. "Dinosaurs?" Fortune 127 (1993): 36-42. Caldwell, Bruce Caldwell, and John Foley. "IBM Means E-business." Information Week, February 9, 1998. Sager, Ira. "Internet Business Machines." Business Week e.biz, December 13, 1999.  | 
| 10 | Organization and cultural issues - building and managing a virtual organization | Henderson, Rebecca. "Managing Innovation in the Information Age." Harvard Business Review, January-February 1994. Nadler, D. A., and M. L. Tushman. "Beyond that Charismatic Leader: Leadership and Organizational Change." California Management Review, (Winter 1990): 77-97. Optional Leonard-Barton, Dororthy. Core Capabilities and Core Rigidities. Boston, MA: Division of Research, Harvard Business School, 1991.  | 
| 11 | Organization and cultural issues - key role of leadership and management | 
 
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