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I. Introduction

Required Readings

Malizia, Emil E., and Edward J. Feser. Understanding Local Economic Development. New Brunswick, NJ: Center for Urban Policy Research, 1999, pp. 1-48. ISBN: 0882851632.

Suggested Readings

Linge. "An Overview," and  Wang, Li, and Linge. "Regional Planning." Chapters 1 and 2 in China's New Spatial Economy: Heading Towards 2020. Edited by Godfrey Linge. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1997, pp. 1-45.

Markusen, Ann R. Regions: The Economics and Politics of Territory. Totowa, NJ: Rowman & Littlefield, Publishers, 1987, pp. 249-266.

Meyer, John R. "Regional Economics: A Survey." In Regional Analysis. Edited by L. Needleman. Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin Books, Ltd., 1968, pp. 19-60.

Ohmae, Kenichi. "Putting Global Logic First." Harvard Business Review (January-February 1995): 119-125. [Note: p. 121 is not part of article.]

Polenske, Karen R. "Boundaries, Economies, and Regions: New Visions." Journal of Economic Literature, (June 1996).

Richardson, Harry W. "The State of Regional Economics: A Survey Article." International Regional Science Review 3, no. 1 (Fall 1978): 1-48.

II. Regional Economic Theories

II.A. Neoclassical Regional Growth and Orthodox Location Theories, Part I

Required Readings

DiPasquale, Denise, and William C. Wheaton. Urban Economics and Real Estate Markets. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1996, pp. 149-181. ISBN: 0132252449.

Hoover, E. M., and F. Giarriantani. An Introduction to Regional Economics. New York, NY: Alfred A. Knopf, 1984, pp. 303-345. ISBN: 0394334132.

Heilbrun, James. Urban Economics and Public Policy. 2nd ed. New York, NY: St. Martin's Press, 1981, pp. 87-116. ISBN: 0312834411.

Suggested Readings

Alonso, William. "Location Theory." In Regional Policy. Edited by John Friedmann, and William Alonso. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1975, pp. 35-63. ISBN: 0262561573.

Ellison, Glenn, and Edward L. Glaeser. "Geographic Concentration in U.S. Manufacturing Industries: A Dartboard Approach." Journal of Political Economy 105, no. 5 (1997): 889-921.

Hart, Gillian. "The Growth Linkages Controversy: Some Lessons from the Muda Case." The Journal of Development 25, no. 4 (1989): 571-575.

Hirschman, Albert O. The Strategy of Economic Development. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1958, pp. 50-75.

North, Douglass C. "Location Theory and Regional Economic Growth." In Regional Policy. Edited by John Friedmann, and William Alonso. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1975, pp. 332-347. ISBN: 0262561573.

Parr, John B. "Growth Poles, Regional Development, and Central Place Theory." Papers of the Regional Science Association 31(1973): 173-212.

Polenske, Karen R. "Growth-Pole Theory and Strategy Reconsidered: Domination, Linkages, and Distribution." In Regional Economic Development: Essays in Honour of François Perroux. Edited by Benjamin Higgins, and Donald J. Savoie. Boston, MA: Unwin-Hyman, 1988, pp. 91-111.

Richardson, Harry W. Regional Economics. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1979, pp. 38-43, and 53-70.

Schmenner, Roger W. Making Business Location Decisions. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1982, pp. 42-59.

Treyz, George, and Benjamin Stevens. "Location Analysis for Multiregional Modeling." In Modeling the Multiregional Economic System. Edited by F. Gerard Adams, and Norman J. Glickman. Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath and Company, Lexington Books, 1980, pp. 75-87.

II.A. Neoclassical Regional Growth and Orthodox Location Theories, Part II

Required Readings

Krugman, Paul. Development, Geography, and Economic Theory. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1995, pp. 31-59. ISBN: 0262112035.

Parr, John B. "The Location of Economic Activity: Central Place Theory and the Wider Urban System." In Industrial Location Economics. Edited by Philip McCann. Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2002, pp. 32-82.

Norton, R. D., and J. Rees. "The Product Cycle and the Spatial Decentralization of American Manufacturing." Regional Studies 13, no. 2 (1979):141-151.

Suggested Readings

Rees, John, and Howard A. Stafford. "Theories of Regional Growth and Industrial Location: Their Relevance for Understanding High-Technology Complexes." In Technology, Regions, and Policy. Edited by John Rees. Totowa, NJ: Rowman, and Littlefield, 1986, pp. 23-50.

Storper, Michael. "Oligopoly and the Product Cycle: Essentialism in Economic Geography." Economic Geography 61, no. 3 (1985): 260-282.

Wells, Louis T., Jr. "The Product Life Cycle Approach." In The Product Life Cycle and International Trade. Edited by Louis T. Wells, Jr. Cambridge, MA: Division of Research, Graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard University, 1972, pp. 3-33.

Yusuf, Shahid, and Weiping Wu. "The Dynamics of Urban Growth: Location, Size, Structure, and Reforms." In The Dynamics of Urban Growth in Three Chinese Cities. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1997, pp. 1-17.

II.B. Alternative Regional Growth and Location Theories

Required Readings

Polenske, Karen R. "Taking Advantage of a Region's Competitive Assets: An Asset-Based Regional Economic-Development Strategy." In Entrepreneurship, Firm Growth, and Regional Development in the New Economic Geography. Trollhätten, Sweden: Uddevalla Symposium 2000, June 15-17, pp. 527-544. Published in 2001.

Markusen, Ann R. "National Contexts and the Emergence of Second-Tier Cities." In Second-Tier Cities: Rapid Growth Beyond the Metropolis. Edited by Ann R. Markusen, Yong-Sook Lee, and Sean DiGiovanna. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1999, pp. 65-94. ISBN: 0816633746.

Johansson, Börje. "Economic Networks and Self-Organization." In Regions Reconsidered: Economic Networks, Innovation, and Local Development in Industrialized Countries. Edited by Edward Bergman, Gunther Maier, and Frank Tödtling. New York, NY: Mansell Publishing Ltd., 1991, pp. 17-34. ISBN: 0720121086.

DeBresson, Chris, and Fernand Amesse. "Networks of Innovators: A Review and Introduction to the Issue." Research Policy 20, no. 5 (October 1991): 363-379.

Storper, Michael, and Richard Walker. The Capitalist Imperative: Territory, Technology, and Industrial Growth. Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell, 1989, pp. 70-124. ISBN: 0631165339.

Suggested Readings

Duranton, Gilles, and Diego Puga. "Diversity and Specialization in Cities: Why, Where and When Does it Matter?" In Industrial Location Economics. Edited by Philip McCann. Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2002, pp. 151-186. ISBN: 1840646721.

Massey, Doreen. "A Critical Evaluation of Industrial Location Theory." In Spatial Analysis, Industry, and the Industrial Environment. Vol. 1. Edited by R. E. Ian Hamilton, and G. J. R. Linge. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1979, pp. 57-72. ISBN: 0471997382.

Walker, Richard. " The Geographical Organization of Production Systems." Environment and Planning D: Society & Space 6 (1988): 397-408.

II.C. Accounting for the Economic Base of a Region

Required Readings

Bendavid-Val, Avrom. Regional and Local Economic Analysis for Practitioners. 4th ed. New York, NY: Praeger Publishers, 1991, pp. 67-85. ISBN: 0275937518.

Isard, Walter. "Location Analysis for Industry and Service Trades: Comparative Cost and Other Approaches." In Methods of Interregional and Regional Analysis. Edited by Walter Isard, Iwan J. Aziz, Matthew P. Drennan, Ronald E. Miller, Sidney Saltzman, and Erik Thorbecke. Brookfield, VT: Ashgate Publishing Company, 1998, pp. 7-39. ISBN: 1859724108.

Heilbrun, James. Urban Economics and Public Policy. 2nd ed. New York, NY: St. Martin's Press, 1981, pp. 153-169. ISBN: 0312834411.

Suggested Readings

Klosterman, Richard E., and Yichuan Xie. "ECONBASE: Local Employment Projection." In Spreadsheet Models for Urban and Regional Analysis. Edited by Richard E. Klosterman, and Richard K. Brail. New Brunswick, NJ: Center for Urban Policy Research, 1993, pp. 183-204. ISBN: 088285142X.

———. "Shift-Share: Local Employment Projection." In Spreadsheet Models for Urban and Regional Analysis. Edited by Richard E. Klosterman, and Richard K. Brail. New Brunswick, NJ: Center for Urban Policy Research, 1993, pp. 183-204. ISBN: 088285142X.

Markusen, Ann R., Helzi Noponen, and Karl Dreissen. "International Trade, Productivity, and U.S. Regional Job Growth: A Shift-Share Interpretation." International Regional Science Review 14, no. 1 (1991): 15-40.

Pleeter, Saul. "Methodologies of Economic Impact Analysis: An Overview." In Economic Impact Analysis: Methodology and Applications. Edited by Saul Pleeter. Boston, MA: Martinus Nijhoff Publishing, 1980, pp. 7-31. ISBN: 0898380405.

Stevens, Benjamin H., and Craig L. Moore. "A Critical Review of the Literature on Shift-Share as a Forecasting Technique." Journal of Regional Science 20, no. 4 (1980): 419-437.

II.D. Influence of Globalization on Factor Mobility

Required Readings

Harris, John R., and Michael P. Todaro. "Migration, Unemployment, and Development: A Two-Sector Analysis." American Economic Review 60, no. 1 (March 1970): 126 142.

Clark, Gordon L. Interregional Migration, National Policy, and Social Justice. Totowa, NJ: Rowman & Allanheld, 1983, pp. 77-102. ISBN: 0865981248.

Miller, Glenn H., Jr. "Dynamics of the U.S. Interstate Migration System, 1975-1992." Growth and Change 26 (Winter 1995): 139-160.

Polenske, Karen R., and Geoffrey J. D. Hewings. "Trade and Spatial Economic Interdependence." Papers in Regional Science: Journal of the Regional Science Association International 83, no. 1 (2004): 269-289.

Suggested Readings

Greenwood, Michael J. "Research on Internal Migration in the U.S.: A Survey." Journal of Economic Literature 13, no. 1 (1975): 397 433.

Horiba, Yutaka, and Richard Kirkpatrick. "Factor Endowments, Factor Proportions, and the Allocative Efficiency of U.S. Interregional Trade." The Review of Economics and Statistics 63, no. 2 (May 1981): 178-187.

Johnstone, R. J. "The State, the Region, and the Division of Labor." In Production, Work, and Territory. Edited by Michael Storper, and Allan J. Scott. Boston, MA: Allen and Unwin, 1986, pp. 265-280. ISBN: 0043381278.

Krugman, Paul. Geography and Trade. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1991, pp. 1-34. ISBN: 0262111594.

Moroney, J., and James M. Walker. "A Regional Test of the Heckscher-Ohlin Hypothesis." Journal of Political Economy 74, no. 6 (December 1966): 573-586.

Sassen, Saskia. The Mobility of Labor and Capital: A Study in International Investment and Labor Flows. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1988, pp. 12-25. ISBN: 0521386721.

Todaro, Michael P. Economic Development. 6th ed. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1997, pp. 419-457. ISBN: 0201421879.

II.E. Deindustrialization and Restructuring

Required Readings

Bluestone, Barry, and Bennett Harrison. The Deindustrialization of America. New York, NY: Basic Books, 1982, pp. 25-48. ISBN: 0465015905.

Castells, Manuel. The Rise of the Network Society. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 1996, chapter 2, pp. 66-67, and 92-147. ISBN: 1557866171.

Polenske, Karen R. "Competition, Collaboration, and Cooperation: An Uneasy Triangle in Networks of Firms and Regions." MIT Department of Urban Studies and Planning, Cambridge, MA, 2003.

Suggested Readings

Best, Michael H. "Five Models of Technology Management." Chapter 2 in The New Competitive Advantage: The Renewal of American Industry. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2001, pp. 1-26. ISBN: 0198297459.

Crandall, Robert W. Manufacturing on the Move. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 1993, pp. 1-24. ISBN: 0815715978.

Florida, Richard. "Regional Creative Destruction: Production Organization, Globalization, and the Economic Transformation of the Midwest." Economic Geography (1996): 314-333.

Harrison, Bennett, and Barry Bluestone. The Great U-Turn: Corporate Restructuring and the Polarizing of America. New York, NY: Basic Books, 1988, pp. 21-75. ISBN: 0465027199.

Piore, Michael, and Charles Sabel. The Second Industrial Divide. New York, NY: Basic Books, 1984, pp. 165-193. ISBN: 0465075630.

Sabel, Charles F. "Flexible Specialization and the Re-emergence of Regional Economies." In Reversing Industrial Decline? Edited by Paul Hirst, and Jonathan Zeitlin. Oxford, UK: Berg, 1989, pp. 17-69. ISBN: 0854960295.

II.F. Agglomeration and Dispersion Economies, Part I

Required Readings

Ellram, Lisa M. "Supply-Chain Management: The Industrial Organization Perspective." International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 21, no. 1 (1991): 13-22.

Glasmeier, Amy K., and Jeff Kibler. "Power Shift: The Rising Control of Distributors and Retailers in the Supply Chain for Manufacturing Goods." Urban Geography 17, no. 8 (1996): 740-757.

Polenske, Karen R. "Competitive Advantage of Regional Internal and External Supply Chains." In Regional Science Perspectives in Economic Analysis: A Festschrift in Memory of Benjamin H. Stevens. Edited by Michael L. Lahr, and Ronald E. Miller. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier Science, B. V., 2001, pp. 259-284. ISBN: 0444505741.

Porter, Michael. "Regions and the New Economics of Competition." In Global City-Regions. Edited by Allen J. Scott. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2001, pp. 139-157. ISBN: 0198297998.

Johansson, Borje, and John M. Quigley. "Agglomeration and Networks in Spatial Economies." Papers in Regional Science: Journal of the Regional Science Association International 83, no. 1 (2004): 165-176.

Paniccia, Ivana. "A Critical Review of the Literature on Industrial Districts: In Search of a Theory." In Industrial Districts: Evolution and Competitiveness in Italian Firms. Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2002, pp. 3-44. ISBN: 1840646845.

Suggested Readings

Campbell, John L. "Property Rights and Governance Transformations in Eastern Europe and the United States." In Institutional Change. Edited by Sven-Erik Sjöstrand. New York, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 1993, pp. 151-170. ISBN: 1563240807.

Harrison, Bennett. Lean and Mean: The Changing Landscape for Corporate Power in the Age of Flexibility. New York, NY: Basic Books, Inc., 1994.

Malecki, Edward J. "Technology and Regional Development: A Survey." International Regional Science Review 8, no. 2 (1983): 89-123.

Sabel, Charles F. "Constitutional Orders: Trust Building and Response to Change." Contemporary Capitalism: The Embeddedness of Institutions. Edited by J. Rogers Hollingsworth, and Robert Boyer. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1997, pp. 154-188. ISBN: 0521561655.

II.G. Agglomeration and Dispersion Economies, Part II

Required Readings

Asheim, Bjørn T. "Learning Regions as Development Coalitions: Partnership as Governance in European Workfare States?" Concepts and Transformation. International Journal of Action Research and Organizational Renewal 6, no. 1 (2001).

Malecki, Edward J., and Päivi Oinas. "Technological Trajectories in Space: From 'National' and 'Regional' to 'Spatial' Innovation Systems." Presented at the North American Regional Science Association meetings, Montreal, Canada, November 13, 1999. Published in 1999.

Morgan, Kevin. "The Learning Region: Institutions, Innovation, and Regional Renewal." Regional Studies 31, no. 5 (1997): 491-503.

Gertler, Meric S. "'Being There': Proximity, Organization, and Culture in the Development and Adoption of Advanced Manufacturing Technologies." Economic Geography 71, no. 1 (1995): 1-26.

Hart-Landsberg, Martin. "Contradictions of Capitalist Industrialization in East Asia: A Critique of 'Flying Geese' Theories of Development." Economic Geography 74, no. 2 (1998): 87-110.

Johansson, Börje, and Lars Westin. "Affinities and Frictions of Trade Networks." The Annals of Regional Science 28 (1994): 243-261.

Suggested Readings

Amin, Ash, and Kevin Robbins. "Industrial Districts and Regional Development: Limits and Possibilities." and responses by Sabel, Piore, and Storper. In Industrial Districts and Inter-Firm Cooperation in Italy. Edited by F. Pyke, G. Becattini, and W. Sengenberger, 1990, pp. 185-237. ISBN: 929014467X.

Baptista, Rui, and Peter Swann. "Do Firms in Clusters Innovate More?" Research Policy 27, no. 5 (1998): 525-540.

Alfred Chandler, Jr., Peter Hagström, and Örjan Sölvell, eds. The Dynamic Firm: The Role of Technology, Strategy, Organization, and Regions. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1998.

Gertler, Meric S. "Flexibility Revisited: Districts, Nation-States, and the Forces of Production." Transactions: Institute of British Geographers 17 (1992): 259-278.

Markusen, Ann. "Fuzzy Concepts, Scanty Evidence, Wimpy Policy: The Case for Rigor and Policy Relevance in Critical Regional Studies." Presented at the annual American Association of Geographers meetings, Boston, MA, March 26, 1998, pp. 1-10, and 20-35.

Sayer, Andrew, and Richard Walker. "Beyond Fordism and Flexibility." In The New Social Economy: Reinventing the Division of Labor. Cambridge, UK: Blackwell, 1994, pp. 191-223. ISBN: 155786280X.

Schmitz, Herbert. "Flexible Specialization: A New Paradigm of Small-Scale Industrialization?" University of Sussex, Institute of Development Studies, Brighton, UK, 1989.

II.H. Spatial Dispersion of Innovation, Part I (Theories of Information Technology and Communication)

Required Readings

Dunning, John H. "Regions, Globalization, and the Knowledge Economy: The Issues Stated." In Regions, Globalization, and the Knowledge-Based Economy. Edited by John H. Dunning. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2000, pp. 7-41. ISBN: 0198295367.

Lundvall, Bengt Ake. "Innovation Policy in the Globalizing Learning Economy." In The Globalizing Learning Economy. Edited by Daniele Archibugi, and Bengt-Ake Lundvall. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2001, pp. 273-291. ISBN: 0199241090.

Rodrik, Dani. Has Globalization Gone Too Far? Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics, 1997, pp. 1-48. ISBN: 0881322415.

Scott, Allen J. Regions and the World Economy. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1998, pp. 47-73. ISBN: 0198294050.

Suggested Readings

Asheim, Bjørn T., and Sverre J. Herstad. "Regional Clusters Under International Duress: Between Local Learning and Global Corporations." Oslo, Norway: Centre for Technology, Innovation, and Culture. (Forthcoming)

Campbell, David, and Donald Harris. "Flexibility in Long-Term Contractual Relationships: The Role of Cooperation." Journal of Law and Society 20, no. 2 (Summer 1993): 166-191.

Ostrom, Elinor. Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1990, chapter 2, pp. 29-55. ISBN: 0521405998.

Dunning, John H., and Khalil A. Hamdani. The New Globalism and Developing Countries. New York, NY: United Nations University Press, 1997, pp. 79-180. ISBN: 928080944X.

Polenske, Karen R. "Clustering in Space Versus Dispersing Over Space: Agglomeration Versus Dispersal Economies." In Innovation, Entrepreneurship, Regional Development, and Public Policy in the Emerging Digital Economy. Trollhätten, Sweden: Universities of Trollhätten,/Uddevalla (Papers from Symposium 2002), June 6-8, pp. 393-411. Published in 2003.

Sabel, Charles F. "Studied Trust: Building New Forms of Co-operation in a Volatile Economy." In Industrial Districts and Local Economic Regeneration. Edited by Frank Pyke, and Werner Sengenberger. Geneva, Switzerland: Institute for Labour Studies, 1992, pp. 215-250. ISBN: 9290144718.

Storper, Michael, and Allen J. Scott. "The Wealth of Regions: Market Forces and Policy Imperatives in Local and Global Context." Futures 27, no. 5 (1995): 505-526.

Storper, Michael. The Regional World. New York, NY: The Guilford Press, 1997, pp. 26-56. ISBN: 1572303158.

II.I. Spatial Dispersion of Innovation, Part II (Measurement Issues)

Required Readings

Karlsson, Charlie, and Rolf Nilsson. "Agglomeration, Economics of Scale and Dynamic Specialization in a Central Place System." In Regional Policies and Comparative Advantage. Edited by Borje Johansson, Charlie Karlsson, and Roger R. Stough. Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2002, pp. 25-48. ISBN: 1840648341.

Li, Yu, and Karen R. Polenske. "Measuring Dispersion Economies." In Entrepreneurship, Spatial Industrial Clusters and Inter-Firm Networks. Trollhätten, Sweden: Universities of Trollhätten/Uddevalla (Papers from Symposium 2003), June 12-14. (Forthcoming.)

Reamer, Andrew, Larry Icerman, and Jan Youtie. "Chapter 3: Geographic Patterns and Impacts of Innovation." In Technology Transfer and Commercialization: Their Role in Economic Development. US Department of Commerce Economic Development Administration, Washington, DC, 2003, pp: 51-110. (PDF)

III. Regional, Interregional, and Multiregional Input-Output Accounts

III.A. Overview of Economic Accounts

Required Readings

Polenske, Karen R., and Stephen Fournier. "Conceptual Input-Output Accounting and Modeling Framework." In Spreadsheet Models for Urban and Regional Analysis. Edited by Richard E. Klosterman, and Richard K. Brail. New Brunswick, NJ: Center for Urban Policy Research, 1993, pp. 205-228. ISBN: 088285142X.

Schaffer, William A. A Survey of Regional Economic Models. Atlanta, GA: Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998, pp. 48-83. Chapter 3: Input-Output Tables and Regional Income Accounts.

Suggested Readings

Czamanski, Stan. Regional and Interregional Social Accounting. Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath and Company, Lexington Books, 1973, chapters 1-3.

Henderson, Hazel. "What's Next in the Great Debate about Measuring Wealth and Progress?" Challenge. (November-December 1996): 50-56.

Hewings, Geoffrey J. D. Regional Input-Output Analysis. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, 1985, pp. 9-37. ISBN: 0803925212.

Isard, Walter. "Interregional and Regional Input-Output Analysis." In Practical Methods of Regional Science and Empirical Applications: Selected Papers of Walter Isard. Vol. 2. Edited by Christine Smith. New York, NY: New York University Press, 1990, pp. 79-97. ISBN: 0333513789.

Polenske, Karen R. "Historical and New International Perspectives on Input-Output Accounts." In Frontiers of Input-Output Analysis. Edited by Ronald E. Miller, Karen R. Polenske, and Adam Z. Rose. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1989, pp. 37-50. ISBN: 0195057589.

———. The U.S. Multiregional Input-Output Accounts and Model. Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath and Company, Lexington Books, 1980, chapters 1-2. ISBN: 0669021733.

III.B. Regional and Multiregional Accounting Structures, Parts I and II

Required Readings

Bendavid-Val, Avrom. Regional and Local Economic Analysis for Practitioners. 4th ed. New York, NY: Praeger Publishers, 1991, pp. 41-52. ISBN: 0275937518.

Miller, Ronald E., and Peter D. Blair. Input-Output Analysis: Foundations and Extensions. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, Inc., 1985, chapter 3, pp. 45-99. ISBN: 0134667158.

Polenske, Karen R. "Leontief's Spatial Economic Analyses." Structural Change and Economic Dynamics 6 (1995): 309-318.

Suggested Readings

Moses, Leon N. "The Stability of Interregional Trading Patterns and Input-Output Analysis." American Economic Review 45, no. 5 (December 1955): 803-832.

Richardson, Harry. Regional Economics. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1977, pp. 179-184. ISBN: 0252007484.

IV.A. Uses of Accounts: Linkage Analyses

Required Readings

Hirschman, Albert O. The Strategy of Economic Development. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1958, pp. 98-119. ISBN: 0813374197.

Bulmer-Thomas, Victor. Input-Output Analysis in Developing Countries. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 1982, pp. 190-202. ISBN: 0471101494.

Polenske, Karen R., and Petros Sivitanides. "Linkages in the Construction Sector." The Annals of Regional Science 24 (1990): 147-161.

IV.B. Uses of Accounts: Economic and Environmental Multipliers, Parts I and II

Required Readings

Bulmer-Thomas, Victor. Input-Output Analysis in Developing Countries: Sources, Methods, and Applications. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 1982, pp. 183-197. ISBN: 0471101494.

Miller, Ronald E., and Peter D. Blair. Input-Output Analysis: Foundations and Extensions. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1985, pp. 45-97, 100-148, and 236-265. ISBN: 0134667158.

Suggested Readings

Isard, Walter. Introduction to Regional Science. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1975, pp. 11-31, and 112-162. ISBN: 0134938410.

Miernyk, William H. "Regional and Interregional Input-Output Models: A Reappraisal." In Spatial, Regional, and Population Economics: Essays in Honor of Edgar M. Hoover. Edited by Mark Perlman, Charles L. Leven, and Benjamin Chinitz. New York, NY: Gordon and Breach, 1972, pp. 263-292. ISBN: 0677150202.

Riefler, Roger F. "Interregional Input-Output: A State of the Arts Survey." In Studies in Economic Planning over Space and Time. Edited by George G. Judge, and Takashi Takayama. Amsterdam, Netherlands: North-Holland Publishing Co., 1973, pp. 133-162. ISBN: 0444105158.

IV.C. Uses of Accounts: Social Accounting Matrices, Structural Analyses, and Forecasting

Required Readings

Thorbecke, Erik. "Social Accounting Matrices and Social Accounting Analysis." In Methods of Interregional and Regional Analysis. Edited by Walter Isard, Iwan J. Aziz, Matthew P. Drennan, Ronald E. Miller, Sidney Saltzman, and Erik Thorbecke. Brookfield, VT: Ashgate Publishing Company, 1998, pp. 281-331. ISBN: 1859724108.

Rich, Karl M., Alex Winter-Nelson, and Gerald C. Nelson. "Political Feasibility of Structural Adjustment in Africa: An Application of SAMs Mixed Multipliers." World Development 25, no. 12 (1997): 2105-2114.

Kutscher, Ronald E. "New BLS Projections: Findings and Implications." Monthly Labor Review (November 1991): 3-12.

Suggested Readings

U.S. Department of Commerce. Bureau of Economic Analysis. BEA Regional Projections to 2040. Vol. 1. States. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office (June 1990), pp. M1-M12, and 1-5.

Carter, Anne P. Structural Change in the American Economy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1970, chapter 8.

Glickman, Norman J. Econometric Analysis of Regional Systems: Explorations in Model Building and Policy Analysis. New York, NY: Academic Press, 1977, pp. 37-73. ISBN: 0122865502.

King, Benjamin B. "What is a SAM?" In Social Accounting Matrices: A Basis for Planning. Edited by Graham Pyatt, and Jeffery I. Round. Washington, DC: The World Bank, 1985, pp. 17-51. ISBN: 0821305506.

V.A. Accounting Issues and Concepts: Boundaries, Part I (Imputations)

Required Readings

Kendrick, John W. "Expanded Imputed Values in the National Income and Product Accounts." Review of Income and Wealth 25, no. 4 (December 1979): 349-363.

Bulmer-Thomas, Victor. Input-Output Analysis in Developing Countries: Sources, Methods, and Applications. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 1982, pp. 139-155. ISBN: 0471101494.

Suggested Readings

Landefeld, J. Steven, Brent R. Moulton, and Cindy M. Vojtech. "Chained-Dollar Indexes: Issues, Tips on Their Use, and Upcoming Changes." Survey of Current Business, Bureau of Economic Analysis, November 2003, pp. 8-16. (PDF)

Storper, Michael, and Bennett Harrison. "Flexibility, Hierarchy, and Regional Development: The Changing Structure of Industrial Production Systems and Their Forms of Governance in the 1990s." Research Policy 20 (October 1991): 407-422.

V.B. Accounting Issues and Concepts: Boundaries, Part II (Environmental Accounting)

Required Readings

Peskin, Henry M., and Ernst Lutz. "A Survey of Resource and Environmental Accounting in Industrialized Countries." Environment Working Paper No. 37. Washington, DC: The World Bank, 1990, pp. 1-26.

Vanoli, André. "Reflections on Environmental Accounting Issues." Review of Income and Wealth Series 41, no. 2 (June 1995), pp. 113-137.

V.C. Accounting Issues and Concepts: Boundaries, Part III (Nonmarket Activities and Underground Economy)

Required Readings

Carson, Carol. "The Underground Economy: An Introduction." Survey of Current Business 64, no. 5 (May 1984): 21-37.

Feige, Edgar L. "Defining and Estimating Underground and Informal Economies: The New Institutional Economics Approach." World Development 18, no. 7 (1990): 989-1002.

Suggested Readings

Abraham, Katharine, and Christopher Mackie, eds. "Designing Nonmarket Accounts for the United States." Interim Report. National Research Council of the National Academies. Committee on National Statistics, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, 2003. Chapter 2: "Objectives, Scope, and Priorities."

Feige, Edgar L. "How Big is the Irregular Economy?" Challenge (November/December 1979): 5-13.

Gutmann, Peter M. "Statistical Illusions, Mistaken Policies." Challenge (November/December 1979): 14-17.

Portes, Alejandro, Manuel Castells, and Lauren Benton. "World Underneath: The Origins, Dynamics, and Effects of the Informal Economy." In The Informal Economy: Studies in Advanced and Less Developed Countries. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989, pp. 11-37. ISBN: 0801837367.

Simon, Carl P., and Ann D. Witte. Beating the System: The Underground Economy. Boston, MA: Auburn House Publishing Company, 1982, pp. xi-xvi, and 285-296. ISBN: 086569091X.

VI. Techniques for Evaluating Structural Change

VI.A. Shift-share Analysis

Required Readings

Klosterman, Richard E., and Yichun Xie. "Shift-Share: Local Employment Projection." In Spreadsheet Models for Urban and Regional Analysis. Edited by Richard E. Klosterman, and Richard K. Brail. New Brunswick, NJ: Center for Urban Policy Research, 1993, pp. 183-204. ISBN: 088285142X.

Stevens, Benjamin H., and Craig L. Moore. "A Critical Review of the Literature on Shift-Share as a Forecasting Technique." Journal of Regional Science 20, no. 4 (1980): 419-437.

Suggested Readings

Markusen, Ann R., Helzi Noponen, and Karl Dreissen. "International Trade, Productivity, and U.S. Regional Job Growth: A Shift-Share Interpretation." International Regional Science Review 14, no. 1 (1991): 15-40.

VI.B. Price Indices

Required Readings

Wonnacott, Thomas H., and Ronald J. Wonnacott. Introductory Statistics for Business and Economics. 4th ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1990, pp. 664-677. ISBN: 047161517X.

U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. BLS Handbook of Methods. Bulletin 2490. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1997, pp. 130-143. ISBN: 0160490383.

Wynne, Mark A., and Fiona D. Sigalla. "The Consumer Price Index." Economic Review: Federal Reserve Board of Dallas 2nd Quarter (Summer 1994): 1-22.

Hausman, Jerry A. "New Products and Price Indexes." NBER Reporter (Fall 1998): 10-12.

Suggested Readings

Baker, Dean. "The Overstated CPI--Can it Really be True?" Challenge (September-October 1996): 26-33.

Mason, Charles, and Clifford Butler. "New Basket of Goods and Services being Priced in Revised CPI." Monthly Labor Review 110, no. 1 (1987): 3-22.

Papdimitriou, Dimitri B., and L. Randall Wray. "The Consumer Price Index as a Target of Monetary Policy." Challenge (September-October 1996): 18-24.

VI.C. Employment and Unemployment Measures

Required Readings

U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. BLS Handbook of Methods. Bulletin No. 2490. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1997, pp. 1-56. ISBN: 0160490383.

VI.D. Productivity

Required Readings

The Economist, 23 November, 1996, pp. 85-86.

Suggested Readings

Blanchard, Olivier Jean, and Lawrence Katz. "Regional Evolutions." Cambridge, MA: Department of Economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, November 1991.

Birch, David. "Who Creates Jobs?" The Public Interest (Fall 1981): 3-14.

Harrison, Bennett. "The Tendency toward Instability and Inequality Underlying the 'Revival' of New England." Papers of the Regional Science Association 50 (1982): 42-65.

Levy, Frank, and Richard J. Murnane. "U.S. Earnings Levels and Earnings Inequality: A Review of Recent Trends and Proposed Explanations." The Journal of Economic Literature 30, no. 2 (September 1992).