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Goldreich, O. Foundations of Cryptography: Basic Tools. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2001. ISBN: 0521791723.

Bellare, M., and S. Goldwasser. Lecture Notes on Cryptography. August 2001.

Diffie, W., and M. E. Hellman. "New Directions in Cryptography." IEEE Transactions in Information Theory 22, no. 6 (1976): 644-654.

Rivest, R. L., A. Shamir, and L. M. Adleman. "A Method for Obtaining Digital Signatures and Public-Key Cryptosystems." Communications of the ACM 21, no. 2 (1978): 120-126. New York, NY: ACM Press. ISSN: 0001-0782.

Goldwasser, S., and S. Micali. "Probabilistic Encryption." Journal of Computer and Systems Sciences 28, no. 2 (1984): 270-299. New York, NY: Academic Press.

Goldreich, O., S. Goldwasser, and S. Micali. "How to Construct Random Functions." Journal of the ACM 33, no. 4 (1986): 792-807. New York, NY: ACM Press. ISSN: 0004-5411.

Goldwasser, S., S. Micali, and R. L. Rivest. "A Digital Signature Scheme Secure Against Adaptive Chosen-Message Attacks." SIAM Journal on Computing 17, no. 2 (1998): 281-308. Philadelphia, PA: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.

Naor, M. "Bit Commitment Using Pseudorandomness." In Lecture Notes on Computer Science. Vol. 435. Proceedings of the 9th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology. London, UK: Springer-Verlag, 1989, pp. 128-136. ISBN: 3540973176.

Merkle, R. C. "A Certified Digital Signature." In Lecture Notes on Computer Science. Vol. 435. Proceedings of the 9th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology. London, UK: Springer-Verlag, 1989, pp. 218-238. ISBN: 3540973176.

Micali, Silvio, Charles Rackoff, and Bob Sloan. "The Notion of Security for Probabilistic Cryptosystems." SIAM Journal on Computing 17, no. 2 (1988): 412-426. Philadelphia, PA: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.

Goldwasser, S., S. Micali, and C. Rackoff. "The Knowledge Complexity of Interactive Proof-Systems." SIAM Journal on Computing 18, no. 1 (1989): 186-208. Philadelphia, PA: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.

Goldreich, O., S. Micali, and A. Wigderson. "Proofs that Yield nothing but their Validity." Journal of the ACM 38, no. 3 (1991): 690-728. New York, NY: ACM Press. ISSN: 0004-5411.

Micali, S., M. Rabin, and S. Vadhan. "Verifiable Random Functions." In Proceedings of 40th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science. Washington, DC: IEEE Computer Society, 1999, pp. 120-130. ISBN: 0769504094.

Cramer, R., and V. Shoup. "A Practical Public Key Cryptosystem Provably Secure against Adaptive Chosen Ciphertext Attack." In Lecture Notes on Computer Science. Vol. 839. Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag, 1998, pp. 13-25. ISBN: 3540648925.