Courses:

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Supplementary readings are also available for this course.

Fadiman, Anne. The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down. New York, NY: Macmillan, Farrar, Straus and Giroux; 1 edition, 1998. ISBN: 9780374525644.

Farmer, Paul. Infections and Inequalities: The Modern Plagues. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2001. ISBN: 9780520229136.

Kleinman, Arthur. The Illness Narratives: Suffering, Healing and the Human Condition. New York, NY: Basic Books, 1988. ISBN: 9780465032020.

Luhrmann, T. M. Of Two Minds: The Growing Disorder in American Psychiatry. New York, NY: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000. ISBN: 9780679421917.

Scheper-Hughes, Nancy. Death Without Weeping: The Violence of Everyday Life in Brazil. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1993. ISBN: 9780520075375.

Course readings.

Lec #	topics	readings
1	Introduction to Course
2	Introduction to Basic Issues	Fadiman. pp. 3-105.
3	"Irrational Beliefs" in Disease Causation and Treatment	Fadiman. pp. 106-180.
4	"Irrational Beliefs" in Disease Causation and Treatment (cont.)	Fadiman. pp. 181-288.
5	Symbolic Healing and Harming	Brown, Michael. "Shamanism and its Discontents." Medical Anthropological Quarterly 2, no. 2 (1988): 102-120. Ong, Aihwa. "The Production of Possession: Spirits and the Multinational Corporation in Malaysia." American Ethnologist 15 (1987): 28-42. Good, Mary-Jo Delvecchio, et al. "American Oncology and the Discourse on Hope." Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry 14 (1990): 59-79. Miner, Horace. "Body Ritual among the Nacirema." In Reader in Comparative Religion: An Anthropological Approach. Edited by William A. Lessa and Evon Z. Vogt. New York, NY: Harper and Row, 1972, pp. 414-415. ISBN: 9780060439927.
6	The Cultural Construction of Disease	Favret-Saada, Jeanne. "Unbewitching as Therapy." American Ethnologist 16, no. 1 (1989): 40-56. Wikan, Unni. "Managing the Heart to Brighten Face and Soul: Emotions in Balinese Morality and Health Care." American Ethnologist 16, no. 2 (1989): 294-312. Davis, Dona. "The Cultural Constructions of the Premenstrual and Menopause Syndromes." In Gender and Health: An International Perspective. Edited by Carolyn Sargent and Caroline Brettell. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1995, pp. 57-86. ISBN: 9780130794277.
7	Theoretical Frames	Hahn, Robert, ed. "The Role of Society and Culture in Sickness and Healing." In Sickness and Healing: An Anthropological Perspective. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1995, pp. 76-98. ISBN: 9780300060881. Scheper-Hughes, Nancy, and Margaret Lock. "The Mindful Body: A Prolegomenon to Future Work in Medical Anthropology." Medical Anthropology Quarterly (n.s.) 1 (1987): 6-41.
8	Meaning, Medicine, and Illness	Obeyesekere, Gananath. "Depression, Buddhism and the Work of Culture in Sri Lanka." In Culture and Depression. Edited by Arthur Kleinman and Byron Good. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1986, pp. 134-152. ISBN: 9780520054936. Osherson, Samuel, and Lorna Amara Singham. "The Machine Metaphor in Medicine." In Social Contexts of Health, Illness, and Patient Care. Edited by Elliot G. Mishler, et al. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1981, pp. 218-244. ISBN: 9780521280341. Lock, Margaret. "On Dying Twice: Culture, Technology and the Determination of Death." In Living and Working with the New Medical Technologies: Intersections of Inquiry. Edited by Margaret Lock, Allan Young, and Alberto Cambrosio. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2000, pp. 233-262. ISBN: 9780521655682.
9	The Institution(s) of Medicine I	Hahn, Robert, ed. "Biomedicine as a Cultural System." In Sickness and Healing: An Anthropological Perspective. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1995, pp. 131-172. ISBN: 9780300060881. Begin Luhrmann. pp. 3-24. "Letters." Newsweek, October 21, 2002, 17.
10	The Institution(s) of Medicine II Video: Back from Madness	Hahn, Robert, ed. "A World of Internal Medicine: Portrait of an Internist." In Sickness and Healing: An Anthropological Perspective. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1995, pp. 173-208. ISBN: 9780300060881. Luhrmann. pp. 25-83.
11	The Institution(s) of Medicine III	Luhrmann. pp. 84-118. Gordon, David Paul. "Hospital Slang for Patients: Crocks, Gomers, Gorks, and others." Language in Society 12 (1983): 173-185.
12	The Institution(s) of Medicine IV Video: Deadly Deception	Luhrmann. pp. 119-202. Chamish, Barry. "Ringworm and Radiation." Israelinsider, August 19, 2004.
13	The Institution(s) of Medicine V	Luhrmann. pp. 203-265. von Zielbauer, Paul. "Report Says Many Inmates in Isolation are Mentally Ill," New York Times, October 22, 2003.
14	The Institution(s) of Medicine VI Video: The Search for Satan	Luhrmann. pp. 266-293. Dumit, Joseph. "When Explanations Rest: 'Good-enough' Brain Science and the New Socio-medical Disorders." In Living and Working with the New Medical Technologies: Intersections of Inquiry. Edited by Margaret Lock, Allan Young, and Alberto Cambrosio. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2000, pp. 209-232. ISBN: 9780521655682. Belluck, Pam. "'Memory' Therapy Leads to a Lawsuit and Big Settlement," New York Times, November 6, 1997.
15	The Institution(s) of Medicine VII	Rosenhan, David L., et al. "On being Sane in Insane Places." Science 179 (1973): 250-58. Pringle, Rosemary, ed. "As a Fish out of Water: Women in Surgery." In Sex and Medicine: Gender, Power and Authority in the Medical Profession. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1998, pp. 69-96. ISBN: 9780521578127. Katz, Pearl. "Ritual in the Operating Room." Ethnology (1981): 247-257. Hahn, Robert, ed. "Between Two Worlds: Physicians as Patients." In Sickness and Healing: An Anthropological Perspective. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1995, pp. 234-261. ISBN: 9780300060881.
16	Health, Disease and Healing in the Larger Social Context I Video: Simple Courage	Waxler, Nancy. "Learning to be a Leper: A Case Study in the Social Construction of Illness." In Social Contexts of Health, Illness, and Patient Care. Edited by Elliot G. Mishler, et al. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1981, pp. 169-192. ISBN: 9780521280341. Payer, Lynn. "Borderline Cases: Medical Practice and National Culture." The Sciences (1990): 285-288. Lock, Margaret. "Medical Knowledge and Body Politics." In Exotic No More: Anthropology on the Front Lines. Edited by Jeremy MacClancy. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2002, pp. 190-207. ISBN: 9780226500133. Sims, Calvin. "Japan Apologizes to Lepers and Declines to Fight Isolation Ruling," New York Times, May 24, 2001.
17	Health, Disease and Healing in the Larger Social Context II	Farquhar, Judith. "Market Magic: Getting Rich and Getting Personal in Medicine after Mao." American Ethnologist 23, no. 2 (1996): 239-257. Scheper-Hughes, Nancy. "Min(d)ing the Body: On the Trail of Organ-stealing Rumors." In Exotic No More: Anthropology on the Front Lines. Edited by Jeremy MacClancy. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2002, pp. 33-63. ISBN: 9780226500133. Begin Kleinman. xi-xv, skim pp. 1-55, and 56-87.
18	Health, Disease and Healing in the Larger Social Context III	Farmer. pp. 1-93.
19	Health, Disease and Healing in the Larger Social Context IV	Farmer. pp. 94-183.
20	Health, Disease and Healing in the Larger Social Context V	Farmer. pp. 184-261, skim pp. 262-282.
21	Stigmatized Conditions and the Construction of Illness	Kleinman. pp. 87-169.
22	The Challenge of Chronic Illness	Kleinman. pp. 170-267.
23	New Reproductive Technologies Video: The Lynchburg Story	Cussins, Charis. "Producing Reproduction: Techniques of Normalization and Naturalization in Infertility Clinics." In Reproducing Reproduction: Kinship, Power, and Technological Innovation. Edited by Sarah Franklin and Helena Ragoné. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1997, pp. 66-101. ISBN: 9780812215847. Rapp, Rayna. "Constructing Amniocentesis: Maternal and Medical Discourses." In Situated Lives: Gender and Culture in Everyday Life. Edited by Louise Lamphere, Helena Ragoné, and Patricia Zavella. New York, NY: Routledge, 1997, pp. 128-141. ISBN: 9780415918077. Begin Scheper-Hughes. pp. 1-30, skim pp. 31-64. Sullivan, Julie. "Legacy of Forced Sterilizations Stirs Call for Oregon Apology: Advocates Push for the State to Acknowledge the Price Paid by Victims of Eugenics." The Oregonian, June 30, 2002.
24	New Reproductive Technologies (cont.) The Social and Political Context of Reproduction	Taylor, Janelle S. "Image of Contradiction: Obstetrical Ultrasound in American Culture." In Reproducing Reproduction: Kinship, Power, and Technological Innovation. Edited by Sarah Franklin and Helena Ragoné. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1997, pp. 15-45. ISBN: 9780812215847. Santora, Marc. "In Fetal Photos, New Developments," New York Times, May 17, 2004. Sims, Calvin. "Justice in Peru: Rape Victim is Pressed to Marry Attacker," New York Times, March 12, 1997. Scheper-Hughes. pp. 65-127. Desjarlais, Robert, Leon Eisenberg, Byron Good, and Arthur Kleinman. World Mental Health: Problems and Priorities in Low-Income Countries. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1995, pp. 186-197. ISBN: 9780195113112.
25	The Social and Political Context of Reproduction (cont.)	Scheper-Hughes. pp. 128-215.
26	Wrap-up: Students Present 5-minute Summaries of Third Papers	Scheper-Hughes. pp. 216-267, skim pp. 268-479.

Cussins, Charis. "Producing Reproduction: Techniques of Normalization and Naturalization in Infertility Clinics." In Reproducing Reproduction: Kinship, Power, and Technological Innovation. Edited by Sarah Franklin and Helena Ragone. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1997, pp. 66-101. ISBN: 9780812215847.

Alvarez, Lizette. "Spreading Scandinavian Genes, without Viking Boats," New York Times, September 30, 2004.

Springen, Karen, and David Noonan. "Sperm Banks Go Online." Newsweek, April 21, 2003.

Villarosa, Linda. "Once-invisible Sperm Donors get to Meet the Family," New York Times, May 21, 2002.

Fisher, Ian. "Bill would Regulate Sperm of Dead Men," New York Times, March 7, 1998.

Kolata, Gina. "Uncertain Area for Doctors: Saving Sperm of Dead Men," New York Times, May 30, 1997.

———. "Price of Donor Eggs Soars, Setting off a Debate on Ethics," New York Times, February 25, 1998.

Grady, Denise. "Baby Conceived to Provide Cell Transplant for His Dying Sister," New York Times, October 4, 2000.

Goldberg, Carey. "Court says a Partner can Veto an Embryo Implantation," New York Times, April 4, 2000.

Kolata, Gina. "Clinics Selling Embryos made for 'Adoption'," New York Times, November 23, 1997.

Hernandez, Raymond. "Court Blocks Embryo Use over Ex-husband's Rights," New York Times, May 8, 1998.

Santora, Marc. "In Fetal Photos, New Developments," New York Times, May 17, 2004.

Lewin, Tamar. "In Genetic Testing for Paternity, Law Often Lags Behind Science," New York Times, March 11, 2001.

Simons, Marlise. "French Uproar Over Right to Death for Unborn," New York Times, October 19, 2001.

Daley, Suzanne. "New French Law Will Counter "Right Not to Be Born" Ruling," New York Times, January 10, 2002.

Kalb, Claudia. "Brave New Babies." Newsweek, January 26, 2004.

Sachs, Susan. "Clinics' Pitch to Indian Emigres: It's a Boy," New York Times, September 15, 2001.

Eckholm, Erik. "Desire for Sons Drives use of Prenatal Scans in China," New York Times, June 21, 2002.

Belkin, Lisa. "Getting the Girl." New York Times Sunday Magazine, July 25, 1999, 26-38.

Shenon, Philip. "China's Mania for Baby Boys creates Surplus of Bachelors," New York Times, August 16, 1994.

Waldman, Amy. "States in India take New Steps to Limit Births," New York Times, November 7, 2003.

Rohde, David. "India Steps up Effort to Halt Abortions of Female Fetuses," New York Times, October 26, 2003.

Sims, Calvin. "Japan's Employers are giving Bonuses for having Babies," New York Times, May 30, 2000.

———. "Using Gifts as Bait, Peru Sterilizes Poor Women," New York Times, February 15, 1998.

Seligmann, Jean, with Donna Foote. "Whose Baby is it, Anyway?" Newsweek, October 28, 1991, 73.

"Mags for the Modern would-be Mom." Newsweek, October 4, 2004.

Grady, Denise. "Trying to Avoid 2nd Caesarean, Many Find Choice isn't Theirs," New York Times, November 29, 2004.

"Giving Birth: The Caesarean Debate (Letters to the Editor)," New York Times, December 5, 2004.

Barlett, Donald L., and James B. Steele. "The Health of Nations," New York Times, October 24, 2004.

Murr, Andrew, Claudia Kalb, Pat Wingert, Mary Hager, and T. Trent Gegax. "A Pill for Impotence?" Newsweek, November 17, 1997.

Stolberg, Sheryl Gay. "Study says Clinical Guides often Hide Ties of Doctors," New York Times, February 6, 2002.

Liptak, Adam. "Free Prozac in the Junk Mail Draws a Lawsuit," New York Times, July 6, 2002.

"Letters in response to "Health of Nations" Editorial," New York Times, October 30, 2004.

Harris, Gardiner. "As Doctor Writes Prescription, Drug Company Writes a Check," New York Times, June 27, 2004.

Petersen, Melody. "Big Drug Company may Face Charges for its Marketing," New York Times, May 31, 2003.

Berenson, Alex, Gardiner Harris, Barry Meier, and Andrew Pollack. "Despite Warnings, Drug Giant took Long Path to Vioxx Recall," New York Times, November 14, 2004.

Whitcomb, Dan. "In Online Setting, A Cult of Anorexia finds Affirmation," Boston Globe, November 21, 2004.

Sims, Calvin. "Justice in Peru: Rape Victim is Pressed to Marry Attacker," New York Times, March 12, 1997.

LaFraniere, Sharon. "After Apartheid: Heated Words about Rape and Race," New York Times, November 24, 2004.

Reuters. "Pakistani Woman Recalls Jury-ordered Rape," New York Times, July 6, 2002.

Mydans, Seth. "Sentenced to Death, Rape Victim is Freed by Pakistani Court," New York Times, June 8, 2002.

Fisher, Ian. "Account of Punjab Rape tells of a Brutal Society," New York Times, July 17, 2002.

Mydans, Seth. "In Pakistan, Rape Victims are the 'Criminals'," New York Times, May 17, 2002.

Underwood, Anne. "Will He Measure Up? Growth Hormone can help Short Kits - But Raises Ethical Questions about Risks." Newsweek, September 22, 2003.

Smith, Craig S. "Risking Limbs for Height, and Success, in China," The New York Times, May 5, 2002.

"The Physicist and the Torched SUVs." Newsweek, November 1, 2004, 30.

Harmon, Amy. "An Answer, But not a Cure, for a Social Disorder," New York Times, April 29, 2004.

Cowley, Geoffrey, and Mary Hager. "A Chronic Fatigue Cover-up?" Newsweek, April 22, 1996.

———. "A Clue to Chronic Fatigue." Newsweek, September 30, 1991.

Cowley, Geoffrey, with Mary Hager and Nadine Joseph. "Chronic Fatigue Syndrome." Newsweek, November 12, 1990.

Boffey, Philip M. Fatigue "'Virus' has Experts More Baffled and Skeptical than Ever," New York Times, July 28, 1987.

Brody, Jane E. "When Symptoms are Obvious, But Cause is Not," New York Times, March 16, 1999.

Sharkey, Joe. "You're not Bad, You're Sick. It's in the Book," New York Times, September 28, 1997.

Shane, Scott. "Chemicals Sickened Gulf War Veterans, Latest Study Finds," New York Times, October 15, 2004.

Whitcomb, Dan. "In Online Setting, A Cult of Anorexia finds Affirmation," Boston Globe, November 21, 2004.

Simons, Marlise. "Dutch Doctors to Tighten Rules on Mercy Killings," New York Times, September 11, 1995.

Gilbert, Susan. "Doctors Often Fail to Heed Wishes of the Dying Patient," New York Times, November 22, 1995.

Wilkes, Paul. "The Next Pro-lifers." New York Times Magazine, July 21, 1996.

Kaplan, David A. "Is it a Wonderful Life?" Newsweek, April 15, 1996.

Simons, Marlise. "Dutch becoming First Nation to Legalize Assisted Suicide," New York Times, November 29, 2000.

Verhovek, Sam Howe. "U.S. Acts to Stop Assisted Suicides," New York Times, November 7, 2001.

———. "Move by U.S. on Suicide Law Draws Suit in Oregon," New York Times, November 8, 2001.

McNeil, Donald G., Jr. "First Study on Patients Who Fast to End Lives," New York Times, July 31, 2003.

"The Quest for a Peaceful Death," New York Times, August 6, 2003.

Dewan, Shaila K. "Love and Death: It may be a Family Matter, But just Try to Define Family," New York Times, October 26, 2003.

Clendinen, Dudley. "My Father wasn't There," New York Times, October 26, 2003.

Schwartz, John, and James Estrin. "In Oregon, Where the Terminally Ill can Choose Death over Suffering," New York Times, June 1, 2004.

Schwartz, James, and James Estrin. "In Oregon, Choosing Death," New York Times, June 1, 2004.

Farmer, Paul. "Bad Blood, Spoiled Milk: Bodily Fluids as Moral Barometers in Rural Haiti." American Ethnologist 15, no. 1 (1988): 63-83.

Cowley, Geoffrey. "Where Living is Lethal." Newsweek, September 22, 2003.

Dugger, Celia W. "Rural Haitians are Vanguard in AIDS Battle," New York Times, November 30, 2003.

Donnelly, John. "TB Strategy Born of Two Doctors' Devotion," Boston Globe, November 1, 1999.

Bernstein, Nina. "For Subjects in Haiti Study, Free AIDS Care has a Price," New York Times, June 6, 1999.

French, Howard W. "AIDS Research in Africa: Juggling Risks and Hopes," New York Times, October 9, 1997.

———. "AIDS Research in Africa: Juggling Risks and Hopes (part 2)," New York Times, October 9, 1997.

Saltus, Richard. "AIDS Drug Researchers say Firm Pressured Them," Boston Globe, November 1, 2000.

Groopman, Jerome. "In An AIDS Study, the Devil is in the Details," New York Times, April 2, 2000.

Meier, Barry. "Contracts keep Drug Research out of Reach," New York Times, November 29, 2004.

Grady, Denise. "F. D. A. Employee Seeks help from Whistle-blowers' Group," New York Times, November 24, 2004.

Belluck, Pam. "'Memory' Therapy Leads to a Lawsuit and Big Settlement," New York Times, November 6, 1997.

Boxer, Sarah. "Feel like Screaming? Excellent! You're in Demand," New York Times, November 1, 1997.

Hernandez, Raymond. "Pataki Outlines Plan to Halt Emptying of Mental Centers," New York Times, November 19, 1999.

Oldendorf, William. "Splitting and Lumping," BrainWork, September-October 2001.

Harmon, Amy. "An Answer, But not a Cure, For a Social Disorder," New York Times, April 29, 2004.

Carey, Benedict. "Shock Therapy and the Brain," Los Angeles Times, November 17, 2003.

Osborne, Lawrrence. "Regional Disturbances." New York Times Magazine, May 6, 2001.

Sullivan, Julie. "Legacy of Forced Sterilizations Stirs Call for Oregon Apology: Advocates Push for the State to Acknowledge the Price Paid by Victims of Eugenics." The Oregonian, June 30, 2002.

Hershey, Laura. "Disability Activists Warn of Eugenics." Resist Newsletter, September/October 1999, 8-9.

Seligmann, Jean, with Donna Foote. "Whose Baby is it, Anyway?" Newsweek October 28, 1991.

Erlanger, Steven. "Vienna Buries Child Victims of the Nazis," New York Times, April 29, 2002.

Ramirez, Anthony. "You were Right in Saying Some People Make you Sick," New York Times, December 15, 1996.

Hall, Stephen S. "Is Buddhism Good for your Health?" New York Times, September 14, 2003.

Goode, Erica. "The Heavy Cost of Chronic Stress," New York Times, December 17, 2002.

Trump, Eric F., and Karen Maschke. "A Stranger in the Mirror: Should Doctors Transplant Faces?" New York Times, October 12, 2004.

Chamish, Barry. "Ringworm and Radiation." Israelinsider, August 19, 2004.

Valbrun, Marjorie. "Laotians Teach U. S. How not to Resettle Refugees," Wall Street Journal, April 4, 2000.

Falise, Thierry. "Rare Glimpses of Forgotten Rebels," New York Times, September 14, 2003.

Davey, Monica. "Decades after First Refugees, Readying for More Hmong," New York Times, April 4, 2004.

Kinzer, Stephen. "Hunter tells Police he was Threatened," New York Times, November 24, 2004.

———. "Hmong Hunter Charged with 6 Murders is a Shaman, Friends and Family Say," New York Times, November 30, 2004.

Martin, Doouglas. "Doreen Valiente, 77, Dies; Advocated Positive Witchcraft," New York Times, October 3, 1999.

Urbina, Ian. "City Witch's Brew: Mugwort and Parties, But no Geraldo," New York Times, October 30, 2004.

Smith, Dinitia. "Diagnosis Goes Low Tech," New York Times, October 11, 2003.

Kolata, Gina. "Arthritis Surgery in Ailing Knees is Cited as Sham," New York Times, July 11, 2002.

"Many Doctors Support Lying to Help Patients," New York Times, October 24, 1999.

Blakeslee, Sandra. "Knee Ligament in a Transplant Leads to Illness," New York Times, December 5, 2003.

Smith, Craig S. "On Death Row, China's Source of Transplants," New York Times, October 18, 2001.

Blakeslee, Sandra. "40 People Unknowingly got Tissue or Organs from Donor with Hepatitis C; 5 Died," New York Times, October 4, 2002.

Lupo, Alan. "Jody Heymann got her MD, Then a Real Lesson in Medicine - From a Hospital Bed," Boston Globe, May 9, 1995.

Levine, Meredith. "Tell the Doctor All your Problems, But Keep it to Less than a Minute," New York Times, June 1, 2004.

Perez-Pena, Richard. "Hospitals didn't Share Records of a Nurse Accused in Killings," New York Times, December 17, 2003.

Trump, Eric F., and Karen Maschke. "A Stranger in the Mirror: Should Doctors Transplant Faces?" New York Times, October 12, 2004.

"The Physicist and the Torched SUVs." Newsweek, November 1, 2004, 30.

Eviatar, Daphne. "If Sanity is Forced on a Defendant, Who Is on Trial?" New York Times, June 21, 2003.

Liptak, Adam. "Court Allows Making Inmate Sane Enough for Execution," New York Times, February 11, 2003.

von Zielbauer, Paul. "Report says Many Inmates in Isolation are Mentally Ill," New York Times, October 22, 2003.

Mansnerus, Laura. "Questions Rise over Imprisoning Sex Offenders Past their Terms," New York Times, November 17, 2003.

Simons, Marlise. "French Uproar over Right to Death for Unborn," New York Times, October 19, 2001.

Daley, Suzanne. "New French Law will Counter "Right not to be Born" Ruling," New York Times, January 10, 2002.

Grady, Denise. "F. D. A. Employee Seeks Help from Whistle-blowers' Group," New York Times, November 24, 2004.

Villarosa, Linda. "AIDS Fears Grow for Black Women," New York Times, April 5, 2004.

Gibbs, Walter. "Nobel Laureate Seeks to Explain AIDS Remarks," New York Times, December 10, 2004.

Stolberg, Sheryl Gay. "The War over Abortion Moves to a Smaller Stage," New York Times, October 26, 2003.

Shane, Scott. "Chjemicals Sickened Gulf War Veterans, Latest Study Finds," New York Times, October 15, 2004.

Kolata, Gina. "Data on Deaths from Obesity is Inflated, U.S. Agency Says," New York Times, November 24, 2004.

Wade, Nicholas. "Race-based Medicine continued...," New York Times, November 14, 2004.

Kamber, Michael. "Haiti's Wounds Overwhelm a Suffering Public Hospital," New York Times, November 29, 2004.