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This section includes both the required and additional readings for this course. Readings by session are available below.

Kant, Immanuel. Critique of Pure Reason (1781/1787). Edited by Paul Guyer and Allen Wood. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1999. ISBN: 0521657296.

You may alternatively use the older edition, translated and edited by Norman Kemp Smith.

Allison, Henry. Kant's Transcendental Idealism: An Interpretation and Defense. Revised ed. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2004. ISBN: 0300102666.

Bennett, Jonathan. Kant's Analytic. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1966. ISBN: 0521093899.

Gardner, Sebastian. Guidebook to Kant and the Critique of Pure Reason. New York, NY: Routledge, 1999. ISBN: 041511909X.

Guyer, Paul. Kant and the Claims of Knowledge. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1987. ISBN: 0521337720.

Langton, Rae. Kantian Humility: Our Ignorance of Things in Themselves. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2001. ISBN: 0199243174.

Strawson, P. F. The Bounds of Sense: an Essay on Kant's Critique of Pure Reason. New York, NY: Methuen, 1975. ISBN: 0416291007.

van Cleve, James. Problems from Kant. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1999. ISBN: 0195083229.

The A/B pagination featured below for Kant's Critique of Pure Reason signifies the page numbers in the first (A) and second (B) editions of the text.

Course readings.

SES #	TOPICS	READINGS
1	Introduction to the Course
2	Introduction to the Critique	Kant. Critique. A1/B1-A16/B30. Gardner. Guidebook. Chapter 3. van Cleve. Problems. Chapter 2.
3	Space (Transcendental Aesthetic)	Kant. Critique. A19/B34-B73. Gardner. Guidebook. Chapter 4. van Cleve. Problems. Chapter 3
4	Space (Transcendental Aesthetic) (cont.)	Kant.  Critique. A19/B34-B73. van Cleve. Problems. Chapter 4.
5	The Transcendental Deduction of the Categories	Kant. Critique. A96-A130/B130-B179. Gardner. Guidebook. pp. 135-165.
6	Space, and the Transcendental Deductions
7	Substance and the First Analogy	Kant. Critique. A182/B224-A189/B232.
8	Substance and the First Analogy (cont.)
9	Causality and the Second Analogy	Kant. Critique. B233-A211/B256. Strawson. The Bounds of Sense (excerpt).
10	Causality (cont.)and Community (The Third Analogy)	Kant. Critique. A211/B257-A218-B265.
11	Causality and Community, the Second and Third Analogies
12	Phenomena and Noumena	Kant. Critique. A236/B295-A260/B315.
13	Phenomena and Noumena (cont.)
14	Kant's "Refutations" of Idealism	Kant. Critique. A366/B274-A380/B279. Gardner. Guidebook. Chapter 8.
15	Idealism, Realism, and Ignorance of Things in Themselves
16	The "Problem of Affection," and Three Kantian Theses	Kant.  Critique. The Amphiboly of Concepts of Reflection, A265/B321-A268/B324 and A277/B233-A278-B334. Langton. Kantian Humility. Chapters 1 and 2. Allison, Henry. Transcendental Idealism. Chapter 1.
17	The "Problem of Affection," and Three Kantian Theses (cont.)
18	The Development of Kantian Humility	Kant. Critique.  The Amphiboly of Concepts of Reflection, A265/B321-A268/B324 and A277/B233-A278-B334. First Analogy, A182/B224-A189/B232. Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm. The Monadology  (excerpts). Kant. New Exposition on the First Principles of Metaphysical Knowledge (excerpt). Langton. Kantian Humility . Chapters 3-6.
19	The Development of Kantian Humility (cont.)
20	Substance Revisited	Langton. Kantian Humility. Chapter 2.
21	Substance Revisited (cont.)
22	Primary and Secondary Qualities in Kant	Kant. Prolegomena (excerpt). Kant. Critique. Postulates of Empirical Thought, A225/B273-A266-B218. Axioms of Intuition and Anticipations of Perception, A162/B202-A176/B218. Locke, John. Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1689) (excerpt). Edited by P. Nidditch. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1975. ISBN: 1406790273. Bennett, Jonathan.  Locke, Berkeley, Hume: Central Themes  (excerpt). New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1971. ISBN: 0198243529. Evans, Gareth. "Things Without the Mind." In Philosophical Subjects: Essays Presented to P. F. Strawson. Edited by Zak van Straaten. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1980, pp. 76-116. ISBN: 019824603X. Langton. Kantian Humility. Chapters 7 and 8.
23	Primary and Secondary Qualities in Kant
24	Primary Qualities and Scientific Realism	Kant. The Kant-Eberhard Controversy (excerpt). Translated with a commentary by Henry E. Allison. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1973. ISBN: 0801814561. Langton. Kantian Humility. Chapters 8 and 9.
25	Idealism and Realism Revisited	Kant. Critique . Transcendental Aesthetic, A19/B34-B73. Refutation of Idealism, A366-A380. Langton. Kantian Humility. Chapter 10.
26	Idealism and Realism Revisited (cont.)

Beck, Lewis White. Essays on Kant and Hume. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1978.

Bencivenga, Ermanno. Kant's Copernican Revolution. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1981.

Bennett, Jonathan. Kant's Dialectic. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1974.

———. Locke, Berkeley, Hume: Central Themes. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1971. ISBN: 0198243529.

Berkson, W. Fields of Force. New York, NY: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1974.

Blackburn, Simon. "Filling In Space." Analysis 50 (1990): 62-5. Reprinted in Essays in Quasi-realism. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1993.

Boscovich, R. J. A Theory of Natural Philosophy (1763). Translated by J. M. Child. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1966. ISBN: 0262520036.

Brittan, Gordon. Kant's Theory of Science. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1978.

Buroker, Jill Vance. Space and Incongruence. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Reidel, 1981.

Costabel, Pierre. "Newton's and Leibniz' Dynamics." In The Annus Mirabilis of Sir Isaac Newton. Edited by R. Palter. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1970. ISBN: 0262160358.

Dryer, D. P. Kant's Solution for Verification in Metaphysics. London, UK: George Allen and Unwin, 1966.

Evans, Gareth. "Things Without the Mind." In Philosophical Subjects: Essays Presented to P. F. Strawson. Edited by Zak van Straaten. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1980, pp. 76-116. ISBN: 019824603X.

Faraday, Michael. "A Speculation touching Electric Conduction and the Nature of Matter." In Experimental Researches in Electricity. Vol. II. London, UK: Richard and John Edward Taylor, 1844.

Foster, John. The Case for Idealism. New York, NY: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1982.

Friedman, Michael. Kant and the Exact Sciences. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992.

Furth, Montgomery. "Monadology." In Leibniz: A Collection of Critical Essays. Edited by Harry Frankfurt. New York, NY: Doubleday, 1972, pp. 99-136. ISBN: 0385033087.

Harré, R., and E. H. Madden. Causal Powers. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 1975.

Heimann, P. M., and J. E. McGuire. "Newtonian Forces and Lockean Powers: Concepts of Matter in Eighteenth Century Thought." Chapter 3 in Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1971, pp. 233-306.

Heimsoeth, Heinz. "Metaphysical Motives in the Development of Critical Idealism." In Kant: Disputed Questions. Edited by Moltke Gram. Chicago, IL: Quadrangle Books, 1967, pp. 158-99.

Hesse, Mary. Forces and Fields. London, UK: Thomas Nelson, 1961.

Humberstone, I. L. "Intrinsic/Extrinsic." Synthese 108 (1996): 205-267. (Accepted in 1992.)

Jackson, Frank, Robert Pargetter, and Elizabeth Prior. "Three Theses about Dispositions." American Philosophical Quarterly 19 (1982): 251-7.

Jammer, Max. Concepts of Force. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1957.

Kant, Immanuel. Collected Works. Gesammelte Schriften. Edited by Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Berlin and Leipzig, Germany: de Gruyter, 1922. (Hereafter Ak.)

———. Principiorum primorum cognitionis metaphysicae nova dilucidatio (1755). Ak. Vol. 1. English Translation: "A New Exposition of the First Principles of Metaphysical Knowledge." In Kant's Latin Writings: Translations, Commentaries and Notes. Edited by L. W. Beck et al. New York, NY: P. Lang, 1986.

———. Monadologia physica (1756). Ak. Vol. 1. English Translation: "Physical Monadology." In Kant's Latin Writings: Translations, Commentaries and Notes. Edited by L. W. Beck et al. New York, NY: P. Lang, 1986.

———. Von dem ersten Grunde des Unterschiedes der Gegenden in Raume (1768). Ak. Vol. 2. English Translation: Kant's Inaugural Dissertation and Early Writings on Space. Edited by J. Handyside. Chicago, IL: Open Court, 1928.

———. De mundi sensibilis atque intelligibilis forma et principiis (1770). Ak. Vol. 2. English Translation: "On the Form and Principles of the Sensible and Intelligible World (The Inaugural Dissertation)." In Kant: Selected Pre-Critical Writings. Edited by G.B. Kerferd and D.E. Walford. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1968.

———. Reflexionen zur Metaphysik. Ak. Vols. 17 and 18.

———. Prolegomena zu einer jeden künftigen Metaphysik (1783). Ak. Vol. 4. English Translation: Prolegomena to any Future Metaphysics. Translated and edited by Gary Hatfield. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

———. Metaphysische Anfangsgründe der Naturwissenschaft (1786). Ak. Vol. 4. English Translation: Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science. Translated by J. Ellington. Indianapolis, IN: Library of Liberal Arts, 1970.

———. "Über eine Entdeckung nach der alle neue Kritik der reinen Vernunft durch eine ältere entbehrlich gemacht werden soll" (1790). Ak. Vol. 4. English Translation: "On a Discovery According to which Any New Critique of Pure Reason Has Been Made Superfluous by an Earlier One." In The Kant-Eberhard Controversy. Translated with a commentary by Henry Allison. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1973. ISBN: 0801814561.

Kemp Smith, Norman. Commentary to Kant's Critique of Pure Reason. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Macmillan, 1923.

Langsam, Harold. "Kant, Hume, and Our Ordinary Concept of Causation." Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 54 (1994): 625-647.

Langton, Rae, and David Lewis. "Defining 'Intrinsic'." Philosophy and Phenomenological Research (1998): 333-45. Reprinted in Lewis. Papers in Metaphysics and Epistemology. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Laywine, Alison. Kant's Early Metaphysics and the Origins of the Critical Philosophy. Vol. 3. North American Kant Society Studies in Philosophy. Atascadero, CA: Ridgeview. 1993.

Leibniz, G. W. Die philosophischen Schriften. 7 vols. Edited by C. I. Gerhardt. Berlin, Germany: 1875-90. Reprinted: Hildesheim, Germany: G. Olms, 1960-1.

———. Philosophical Papers and Letters. Translated and edited by L. Loemker. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Reidel, 1969.

———. New Essays on Human Understanding (1765). Translated and edited by P. Remnant and J. Bennett. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1981.

———. Philosophical Essays. Translated and edited by R. Ariew and D. Garber. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett, 1989.

Lewis, David. "Ramseyan Humility." Forthcoming in Naturalism and Conceptual Analysis. Edited by David Braddon-Mitchell and Robert Nola. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2006.

Locke, John. Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1689). Edited by P. Nidditch. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1975. ISBN: 1406790273.

Mackie, J. L. Problems from Locke. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1976.

Mates, Benson. The Philosophy of Leibniz: Metaphysics and Language. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1986.

Melnick, Arthur. Space, Time, and Thought in Kant. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer, 1989.

Mondadori, Fabrizio. "Solipsistic Perception in a World of Monads." In Leibniz: Critical and Interpretive Essays. Edited by Michael Hooker. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1982, pp. 21-44. ISBN: 0816610207.

Paton, H. J. Kant's Metaphysic of Experience. London, UK: Allen and Unwin, 1936.

Polonoff, Irving. Force, Cosmos, Monads and Other Themes of Kant's Early Thought. Bonn, Germany: Kant-Studien Ergänzungsheft Nr. 107, 1973.

Smith, A. D. "Of Primary and Secondary Qualities." The Philosophical Review 99 (1990): 221-54.

Shoemaker, Sydney. "Causality and Properties." In Time and Cause. Edited by Peter van Inwagen. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Reidel, 1980.

Strawson, P. F. Individuals. London, UK: Methuen, 1959.

———. "Reply to Evans." In Philosophical Subjects: Essays Presented to P. F. Strawson. Edited by Zak van Straaten. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1980, pp. 273-82. ISBN: 019824603X.

Van Cleve, James. "Putnam, Kant, and Secondary Qualities." Philosophical Papers 24 (1995): 83-109.

Watkins, Eric. Kant and the Metaphysics of Causality. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2005.

Williams, L. P. Michael Faraday: A Biography. New York, NY: Chapman and Hall, 1965.

———. The Origins of Field Theory. New York, NY: Random House, 1966.

Wilson, Margaret. "The 'Phenomenalisms' of Berkeley and Kant." In Self and Nature in Kant's Philosophy. Edited by Allen Wood. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1984, pp. 157-73. ISBN: 0801416108.